Who was number two after Hitler in the NS chain of command?
>>302365
It changed over time, and no one person really was "second" in command
>>302365
Goebbels I guess.
Depends on the specific field, it can be one or more of the following:
Himmler
Hess
Bormann
Goebbles
Speer
Were the crusades a response to the aggression of Muslims and the rapid expansion of Islam?
If people are so quick to bring up the crusades and Christianity being negative parts of our history, why won't they also admit that Muslims and Islam are serving the same purpose in our modern world?
>>302330
We do it.
In the daily Crusades vs Ummayad Expanion thread.
>>302356
i don't see one in the catalog so can this be it for the day?
>>302330
>Muslim armies invaded France.
No, that was just a fairly small raiding party that got caught in a skirmish.
I'm no fan of Islam and I think it's important to put the crusades into the context of Islamic expansion, but hot damn that post reeks of bias. Factual events unnecessarily skewed.
Also, not sure how he couldn't find anything notable between 848 and 1059.
We're told in the middle ages European monarchs would only bathe a few times in their life.
Is this true, or is it another 'dark ages' myth?
it was a baroque thing
>>302292
Charlemagne built his palace in a irrelevant spa.
The moar you know.
>>302317
The Byzantines mistook Charlemagne's palace for a horse stable
Who did it ?
I mean, it's obviously something that Rome couldn't avoid, as a long process which took end with Augustus. But why did it collapse, and (and it's my main question), who is responsible ?
Marius ? Sulla ? Pompeius ? Caesar ? Marcus Antonius ?
I know they are all responsible, but still, who wanted to be a king ?
My thoughts are for Tiberius Gracchus, who fucked up the tribunus plebus, creating a real political power from something that was meant to be really useful, and not used as a step in a political career.
I think too...
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But like Sulla, Marius and the Gracchi were trying to save the Republic. They saw different problems than did Sulla, obviously, but I think all those people still had more or less benevolent motivations. It's in the next generation that people are really trying to take advantage of the disorder caused by the first Civil War. Crassus grasped for power, Pompey for glory, and Caesar for both. I think the first Triumvirate is where personal gain became more important than the public good. By the time of Augustus's generation it was more a question of who would rule the...
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Marcus Aurelius jinxed it with his son becoming emperor
>>302279
Augustus ultimately felled it. He's the one who finally became a true emperor. Caesar may have been working to it but while he was alive the senate still had its power.
We discuss the causes, consequences, and everything related to the stagnation of France's population growth during the XIX century.
>France was historically the largest nation of Europe. During the Middle Ages more than one quarter of Europe's population was French; during the 17th century it was still one fifth.
>Starting around 1800, the historical evolution of the population in France has been extremely atypical in the Western World. Unlike the rest of Europe, there was no strong population growth...
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Maybe they started to approach the limit of how much population France could actually support?
>until 1795 metropolitan France was the most populous country of Europe, above even Russia, and the third most populous country in the world, behind only China and India
>>302238
diseases and they were not the first to industrialize is what I would guess
Stonewall was the best general of the american civil war
The only time he did really good was his Valley campaign, everything else was middling at best, but just as often it was absolutely awful. The guy was in no way fit for anything but independent command, he was at least as bad of a field commander as Sherman.
>mfw the southern aristocracy had him assassinated because they knew he'd lead a successful coup
Has America produced even a single great general?
Questions that don't deserve their own thread thread
Why did Macedonian go from a Hellenic language to a Slavic one?
>>302126
slavic population migrated eventually, squeezed out greeks. Nobody wanted to take that piece of land so they became independent.
Because the current day "Macedonians" are Slavs that settled there later.
>>302126
It didn't.
Macedonia as a region became split between Slavs and Greeks, and the Slavs living there spoke a dialect of Bulgarian which they named Macedonian. Then they started pretending they're real Macedonians and always have been.
>he's an atheist
>his only idea of God is a sky daddy/judge/warrior/righteous king figure
>he can't into mysticism
why are atheists still tripping over themselves to disprove the existence of literally sunday school-tier caricatures of the Divine?
>>301857
Do you believe God has intelligence? Do you believe God has intentions?
>>301857
If everything has a cause, effect, and explanation, then divinity does not exist.
>>301872
Plz answer, OP. What's your concept of God, so I can argue against it.
http://www.paulgraham.com/philosophy.html
Thoughts on this essay? /lit/ is chimping out over it and I think they're being retarded.
>>301812
Before posting a link could you at least give some context? The general summary of the article and is it worth reading?
>>301832
stemlord tries his hand at philosophy
>>301812
>someone who himself admits he doesn't understand philosophy tries to describe it and pinpoint its problems
What to rename the middle ages, or the period between antiquity and the Renaissance/age of discovery?
I think calling it the Nomad Era or Age of Steppe and Desert is a pretty fitting description.
The biggest world event in the middle ages is the emergence of the first Caliphates,
thereafter you have the domination of the Old World by steppe people; Mamelukes, Turks and finally Mongols.
With the entrance of the Renaissance nomad horse archers lost their advantage as firearms became widespread,
Eurasia became dominated by gun powder empires from Britain...
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>>301767
Whats wrong with the Middle ages?
It's the middle, the period between antiquity and the start of the modern world.
>>301801
How do you define Antiquity?
>>301767
Antiquity, middle ages, rennaissance and age of discovery are periods of time that refer to the european/mediterranean world. When applied elsewhere, it's by association or to have an already well established time period as reference.
Your name doesn't make much sense when taking this into account. Feudal ages is a better name if you don't like middle ages.
Why is freedom of religion considered socially desirable? Isn't it better for social cohesion if most people have similar beliefs?
The freedom of religion allows someone to understand the fact that it's all the same truth spread through different mediums.
>>301742
>Why is freedom of religion considered socially desirable?
Because you only get one life so people should be allowed to believe what they want
>Isn't it better for social cohesion if most people have similar beliefs?
It doesn't work that way, if you enforce a belief, if someone things differently you will have conflict. With freedom of religion, different thought is no problem and you have no conflict.
Does the idea of judeo-bolshevism have any merit, or is it insane conspiracy?
It's true, all of it. The jews, the stabs in the back, they're real
>>301642
sources pls
>>301593
the jews are a race of reptile human hybrids bread by the alien reptiles to control the world. The reptiles are yaweh and adam and eve were the 1st male and female hybrids. So far they have succeeded to destroy humanity and the reptiles orbiting our planet will take over. The jews didn't just take the form of humans though, there were also jewish hybrids that were responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs and the rise of the mammals.
Has anybody read this book? I mean, these concepts are so fucking abstract and vague. Would love to see some thoughts on simulacra and hyperreality to get a better grasp of these concepts. Does this shit even mean anything ?
I heard he copied all his ideas from other philosophers
obscurantism
>>301578
Simulacrum is, well.
Do you know what a cargo cult is? Essentially it's tribals constructing crude copies of airforce that used to be stationed on their islands, thinking that if they copy it hard enough, humanitarian aid that came with the airforce will reappear.
Now imagine people who're constructing something that doesn't even exist, yet vehemently claim it's real. That is simulacrum; not just "shape over substance" but "shape without substance".
At least...
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Let's say that the Roman Empire and the Aztec empire had existed and flourished at the same time, and they came into contact in Roman times, at the height of Roman and Aztec military and civil power. Who would come out on top?
Assumptions include:
>both sides have greatest generals and leaders
>both sides are not impacted by other empires in the world militarily, but diplomatically and trade wise they have contact
>war is not a necessity, but is allowed along with economic and...
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Depends man
>>301568
Personally, I think war would be inevitable. Both empires are conquest based, and arguably conquest would be necessary for survival. Also one other assumption, they are not separated by water. On the same continent.
>>301572
>But that's...like...just your opinion man.
Kek
>fought in the Battle of Anzio
>most decorated soldier in US history
>later met John Lucas, the man who planned Operation Shingle
>refused to shake his hand because he got too many American men killed
>forced him to salute because he had the Medal of Honor and Lucas didn't
>at the end of his life, ran into money problems and refused to act in commercials for cigarettes and alcohol because...
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>locked himself in a room for a week to kick an addiction to a sleeping pill cold turkey
>>301462
>was a manlet
he was bretty gud for a child soldier desu
>ameripoor only known for killing people