Hello 4chan, please tell me about the incas. thak you.
Probably the most advanced indigenous American society, many of their technologies baffled the Spanish. They were a huge, centrally planned economy that somehow produced huge surplusses of everything, and had civil engineering projects on a scale Europe hasn't seen since the Roman Empire. They were also a brutal authoritarian regime with a pants on head retarded leadership structure where there were no clear rules of succession, and dead emperors were treated like they were still alive and their mummies "gave orders" through priest "interpreters." Naturally there was massive civil war fairly often.
>>948783
None left:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/04/07/in-ancient-dna-the-story-of-how-native-americans-thrived-and-then-were-wiped-out/
ITT: we post music for leaders of battles
Symphony #3 in e, doesn't get better then having the best composer be inspired into writing music about you.
>>948323
pffft Napoleon had it good. Even Beethoven dedicated his 3rd symphony to him (initially).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75RUPdkyqp0&nohtml5=False
Constantine XI, leading his men in one last charge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usP1VFtZvQM
First time poster; inquiry:
Do you guys think world peace and political altruism are attainable goals? What do you think would be required for humanity as a whole to care for each other as much as an individual does itself?
Is it even attainable with human nature being the way that it is?
>>948009
>human nature
Ah, you spooked me
No, Liberalism and Idealism are great modern delusions.
Keep trying though!
>>948026
Ok, lets say that years in the future humanity and robots begin to blue the lines what can be called "Human."
For example, humans begin to use technology to augment themselves, eventually leading to something like a computer chip being "installed" into their brains to damped violent tendencies in criminals and mentally unstable people.
Lets hypothesize that the trend catches on and humanity begins to implant these chips into their young. Eventually leading to cybernetic enhancements and artificial behavior modification becoming common-place.
If humanity rids itself of their "human-like" tendencies, would it be possible then?
What are some of the biggest broken promises that leaders have made in history?
(remember to keep it before 1991)
That something could be holy, roman, and an empire.
>>948019
"I'll be back before you guys die, kisses" Jesus
>>947990
>this motherfucker
Christ, he's a human yellow journalism piece.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10qatUWwIeg&list=WL&index=70
How accurate is this cartoon? Does it underrate Reagan's presidency?
>>947865
>supporting Apartheid
>backing Saddam
In hindsight, nothing wrong with either of these.
>>947890
...what's good about the Apartheid?
How do we end the dumb meme of ancient/Achaemenid Persians being seen and categorized as "weak" as warriors?
>>947861
Are they seen as such? They claimed a lot of clay.
>>947864
In the West? Yes. Pretty sure if you try to take the Persians side in the Persian Wars, people will just keep bringing up Thermopylae and Alexander the Great. At least that's my antecedent experience when it comes to them.
>>947873
Sounds like a case of Hollywood history m8.
>muh 300 movie/comic
I'm sure i'm not the first to suggest this, but what if the true answer to the universe is the life of every individual. Let us consider it this way, if you're not alive, you're (obviously) not able to perceive the universe, and thus, the universe does not exist.
>>947494
The universe doesn't have an answer; it's not a question
Clearly this is a conjecture, there isn't enough information for a meaningful answer.
But it's the same thing as the "if a tree falls in the woods"
I personally believe that something unobserved exists but if it is unable to make an effect then it is equivalent to being nonexistent.
>>947548
Really, when it comes to philosophical answers to the universe, everything is a conjecture. Really, i doubt humans will ever have enough knowledge for a final answer to be brought to light.
How much of a genetic impact did Roman colonias have on local populations?
>>947488
r/AskHistorians
>>947498
No, I'm not going to reddit
>>947519
Why not?
Are there still American POW's in Laos and Vietnam?
Pic related: Satellite photo of a ‘Walking K’ sign in a rice field in northern Laos by a US Satellite in 1988.
no, Rambo took the last ones home in the 80s
Could Mozart still be alive?
>>947321
A top American intelligence official said today that two sets of large symbols etched into the ground in Laos in 1973 and 1988 were almost certainly human-made signs intended to send a message. But the official said experts had not been able to prove or disprove that they were distress signals from stranded American prisoners of war.
In the first case, the figures "1973" or "1573" with a "TH" or "TA" were spotted, apparently by satellite, gouged into a field in the Plain of Jars in May and June 1973, after all American prisoners were reported returned. In January 1988, Central Intelligence Agency surveillance picked up a "USA" dug into a rice field near Sam Neua, along with what was possibly a "K" made of rice stalks.
Experts said the could not rule out that these were attempts to display coded symbols that American pilots had been taught to use to attract attention if they were captured.
"These symbols were clearly intended to send a signal to someone above, and we cannot explain them today," said the official, Duane Andrews, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence. He was testifying before the Senate Select Committee on P.O.W.-M.I.A. Affairs at the start of two days of hearings, some in closed session, on intelligence-gathering and covert operations involving missing Americans.
Most overrated president?
Reagan and it's not even a debate.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_rankings_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States#Scholar_survey_results
Probably FDR
>>947281
They're both fetishized by their respective parties, but at least Ron had 8 years to Jack's <3
Was the siege of baghdad really that bad?
...It was... Catastrophic... think about that folks...
Yes.
Are there any good sieges?
Why did the german general staff decide to attack france before russia? Why not fortify alsace-lorraine and hold off a french attack over a much more narrow area, while attacking the less prepared russian army?
>>947089
Because they hugely underestimated the strength of France, having kicked the crap out of them in the last war, and hugely overestimated the strength of Russia, who was big, scary, and building railroads like nobody's business.
France, seeming the weaker opponent, was the one that they thought would crumple if they hit first and hard enough, which would then let them turn their full attention on Russia.
>>947105
I don't understand why that is the case. Successfully executing their plan would require a meticulous understanding of the French operations, and given how close they were to paris at the battle of the marne, they almost achieved their goals. I'm not really confused by the minutiae of the operation, I just don't see the strategic reasoning behind it.
Germany didn't have a contiguous border with russia at the time, so it would be more difficult to hold them off with a limited force and would leave them overly reliant on austria. A strong anti-russian offensive would have given france and britain a way to avoid the war if they wanted to and strengthened their austrian ally.
>>947089
I think fighting defensively on the western front would have been a better idea. Defensive tactics would have suited the static warfare which defined the western front, while avoiding drawing in the UK and Belgium into the war. Looking at their record on the eastern front, they could have concentrated their efforts on defeating Russia before taking care of France.
The Schlieffen plan was Germany's fatal error to begin with (even if they did get close to Paris)
The concept of "freedom", as it currently exists, is too vague for anyone trying to present clear ideas to ever use.
The word has been abused to the extent that it is only a tool for propaganda or public control. It has been used in such a huge range of contexts from "privacy", "property", "economic options", "democracy", "development", "equality", or at times just "being ruled by us and not by those guys over there", and all of these have been used professionally in recent times.
The word should either be discarded, ignored, or re-purposed, because its current use is dangerous. Do you agree?
>>947026
The concept of "freedom", as it currently exists, is a spook.
>>947026
Freedom is just a code word for comfort. In the US at least.
>>947026
>The concept of "freedom"
>as it currently exists
freedom is now and forever has been a lie
The Discourses by Epictetus
Book One, Chapter 18
That we ought not to he angry with the errors of others
If what philosophers say is true, that all men have one principle,
as in the case of assent the persuasion that a thing is so, and in the
case of dissent the persuasion that a thing is not so, and in the case
of a suspense of judgment the persuasion that a thing is uncertain, so
also in the case of a movement toward anything the persuasion that a
thing is for a man's advantage, and it is impossible to think that one
thing is advantageous and to desire another, and to judge one thing to
be proper and to move toward another, why then are we angry with the
many? "They are thieves and robbers," you may say. What do you mean by
thieves and robbers? "They are mistaken about good and evil." Ought we
then to be angry with them, or to pity them? But show them their
error, and you will see how they desist from their errors. If they
do not see their errors, they have nothing superior to their present
opinion.
"Ought not then this robber and this adulterer to be destroyed?"
By no means say so, but speak rather in this way: "This man who has
been mistaken and deceived about the most important things, and
blinded, not in the faculty of vision which distinguishes white and
black, but in the faculty which distinguishes good and bad, should
we not destroy him?" If you speak thus, you will see how inhuman
this is which you say, and that it is just as if you would say, "Ought
we not to destroy this blind and deaf man?" But if the greatest harm
is the privation of the greatest things, and the greatest thing in
every man is the will or choice such as it ought to be, and a man is
deprived of this will, why are you also angry with him? Man, you ought
not to be affected contrary to nature by the bad things of another.
Pity him rather: drop this readiness to be offended and to hate,
When I read this it was an eye opener for me.
Post your favorite quotes regarding ethics.
Wow. Quotes like this show how little people have changed. We think ourselves so much more enlightened but this just shows how stupid that idea really is.
The more things change, the more they stay the same.
>>946994
I think it's sad that we are not teaching ethics in schools. How are we to know what a good person is then? How can we be good people if we do not hold a clear definition of what a good person who distinguishes between good and bad moral action is.
Even is prisons do they make an effort to give the offenders an education in ethics and morals of the society in which they live in, no. They leave prison as ignorant on that matter as when they entered still lacking in the faculty to distinguish good from bad action, still blind.
>2016
>Not being an Ethical Egoist
What is the earliest point in time that the camera could have been invented?
Did it come as early as it possibly could given the technology required, or could it have potentially been discovered decades, or even centuries earlier?
I have always wondered how differently we would view history and historical figures if cameras were around during medieval or even classical times onward. It would be so different to have actual photographs of Roman legions, or the Mongol Horde, or Constantinople under siege, or even something as slightly early as the Battle of Waterloo.
Camera? You mean, like, a phone?
>>946897
I suppose the Medieval era if the Arabs or Latins writing their books on optics figured out a way to imprint images onto some material by getting lucky with some chemical reaction that didn't have to involve much understanding of electrical currents. It'd be accidental though.
>>946897
The concept of the camera obscura is very ancient. Dating back to the end of the first millennium. It has become relatively popular from the eighteenth century.
However, the chemistry involved is much more recent. Several trials and errors were necessary, and even accidental discoveries, to be able to record images on flat surfaces by exposure to light.
![13986[1].jpg](https://i.imgur.com/c0zjflK.jpg "13986[1]")
