So I was reading Leviticus and what it says about animals you can and cannot eat, and it seems that they were not to be eaten because of a disease they would give you.
Smashing pots that an unclean animal has been in, washing utensils that have come into contact with unclean animals and making sure not to transfer the water residue to clean animals.
Why do Jews and Muslims (if there are any more I'm unaware) still abstain from eating certain animals that are considered unclean when we have the medicinal technology to prevent or cure any such diseases that these unclean animals would have given you?
because that would require a totally rational criticism of a religious text which is a HUGE no-no especially for islam
No, these dietary laws have nothing to do with disease, the goal is not to be unclean.
The second goal is to separate the followers of God from the other people. Which really isn't a second goal.
Non-Jews in Judaism and non-Muslims in Islam are allowed to eat pork, for example.
Read Lev 11:43-47.
But if you're still convinced that the goal is preventing or curing disease, you should find a claim that ritual purification, which you undergo in case you become unclean, or simply waiting until evening, has the ability to cure disease.
A theory I've heard is that pigs aren't particularly suitable for traveling through the desert, unlike cattle, sheep and goats.
>>1378018
You'll have to read the talmud to see the modern Jew's perspective on this-not the Torah.
Is there a more overrated person in history than this faggot? Everything from France is overrated shit in fact, but this guy takes the cake.
Napoleon is one of those not rare but definitely uncommon people who was inquisitive as fuck and smart as fuck and in addition to that was put into every position and place that he needed to be put into to be absolutely great at everything he would need to be great at to succeed. No he is not overrated, he's just not a genius. He was just a smart guy who thought he was gonna die young and did something with the little time he thought he had.
>>1377715
>An entire era named after him
>Changed how europe worked for a century
>Tactical genius comparable to Alexander
>Overawed
Yeah no I took this bait hard
>>1377715
>Is there a more overrated person in history than this faggot?
Plenty
George Washington for exemple
How and why was Emperor Hirohito able to escape persecution after WW2?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbVWAjUPQDk
he was a meme
>>1377618
because he was a figurehead and all the actual military planning was done by the clique of generals and lords who seized japan since the meiji era?
>>1377618
He was innocent and actually cared about Japan and her people, as well as the fact the Japs absolutely loved him.
Keeping him in power was how we kept the peace in Japan.
>1937
>>1377408
Was it autism?
Detroit Red Wings. They won it the year before as well
>1936
What are the best materials i can use to learn Arabic?
>>1378377
i hate you
>>1377358
first be aware of the diglossia situation: Modern Standard Arabic, the language of writing, religion and media is still very close to the early medieval language of the qur'an whereas in everyday spoken conversation local dialects are used which have changed significantly since then and diverged so far from each other that arabs from different regions often cannot understand each other (though they can usually adjust their speech to be understood)
so you have to decide whether you want to learn the standard language or a dialect (and then which dialect) or both and if both in which order. If your focus is not on immediate spoken communication then i would recommend you to start with standard arabic because it is used all over the arab world and people will still understand you if you speak to them in standard arabic (though it will be strange to them and you might not understand their answers). you can still learn a dialect after that and it will be easier in that direction than learning standard arabic after a dialect.
i can recommend the following books:
for Standard Arabic:
1. al-kitab fi taallum al-arabiya - best textbooks apparently, though i have only used them in parts in a class i took
2. mastering arabic series - very good; includes introductions to dialects
for egyptian dialect: Kallimni Arabi series
for moroccan dialect: An introduction to Moroccan Arabic and culture (Chekayri)
I used a combination of many different textbooks over the years but my learning style was very irregular
best only english to arabic dictionary
http://www.wordreference.com/enar/
best online arabic to english dictionary:
http://ejtaal.net/aa/#hw4=1175,ll=2935,ls=55,la=4518,sg=1160,ha=803,br=984,pr=159,aan=680,mgf=821,vi=374,kz=2724,mr=747,mn=1452,uqw=1696,umr=1102,ums=932,umj=867,ulq=1712,uqa=432,uqq=405
(this is actually a searchable scan of a paper dictionary and it will only be useful to you once you understand the system of consonant roots)
>People think hellenistic culture was killed by islam instead of christanity
>These same people think christanity is hellenistic
top kek, you are the muhammad, david
>inb4 gay jokes from abraham savages
>>1377348
Hellenism died of old age. People could no longer connect to idealized immortal versions of themselves which is why they switched to monotheism with its emphasis on virtue instead of the farce that was polytheism
>>1377348
The Greeks themselves killed off Hellenism.
>P-paul was a kike!
Yet the Greeks were persuaded anyway!
>>1377348
I actually do agree with the idea that Greco-Roman culture was killed off by Christianity.
There was a very pronounced rejection of everything associated with 'paganism' by successive Christians. For example, naturalistic art was replaced by stylized and less technically-impressive art; the Church establishment taught that cities were evil and that the peasants were closest to God, which certainly contributed to the decline of complex polities and governments beyond the feudal level, which stifled growth.
tell me about the Zanj rebellion /his/, what the fuck was Ali ibn Muhammad's problem? why would an arab lead an army of african slaves to revolt again fellow arabs? whats his endgame?
It was a CIA lead coup.
White people have been oppressing everyone since the beginning.
Any "facts" you come up with will be ignored, because you are a shitlord.
Also, the CIA made the Arabs enslave Africans to begin with, so hah!
Checkmate
>>1377307
>Islam is the great republic of the world,
there is neither class nor race inside the creed
Quote from Gertrude Bell.
>>1379654
Please leave.
So I got into an argument with a guy today about discrimination and segregation, especially with regards to schooling. The crux of my argument is that schools should discriminate based on merit and ability, not race or any other factor.
But this led me to a curious contradiction that I can't work out. I argued that there is no benefit to sticking Tyrone and all his dumbfuck dindu buddies in the same classroom as a bunch of high achieving Asian magnet students. In this case, I advocate for treating different people differently (which, some would agree, is more or less the definition of social justice).
However, when we got around to university admissions process, I took up the position that admissions should be completely blind (no race, sex or socioeconomic factors should be involved in the process, just scores and aptitude). This means treating everyone the same, which is the reverse of discrimination. (Some would argue that this is in line with traditional justice).
Why does a policy that makes sense at one level suddenly not make sense at another? Clearly the public schools should use ability grouping and segregate their students, it's better for everyone that way. But it seems to me that universities should not be allowed to discriminate in admissions, because it inevitably leads to less qualified applicants taking seats away from more qualified ones. So what gives?
I hope someone else can resolve this apparent contradiction.
>>1377285
Not sure I see a contradiction. Public schools should serve a particular area near the school. Bussing in a bunch of low-income students from across the city is pretty pointless. Universities have an admissions process that's not completely geographical in nature, so they have to have criteria for admission. Academic merit would seem to be the most logical criteria for an academic instiution to consider.
>>1377285
The first part of The Bell Curve (Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, 1994) makes a scholarly argument showing the correlation between IQ and crime (and other behaviors) regardless of race. Then they development an argument showing IQ vs. race. It is a quick and compelling read. It was and still is highly controversial. I highly recommend it. It changed the nature of the Affirmative Action discussion when it came out.
Concerning the controversy Howard Gardner of Harvard wrote in his work "Scholarly Brinksmanship":
>"The Bell Curve, near its closing tail, contains two chapters concerned with affirmative action, in higher education and in the workplace. To read those chapters is to hear the second shoe drop. The rest of the book, I believe, was written merely as a prelude to its assault on affirmative action. The vigor of the attack is astonishing."
>"Now, at long last, Herrnstein and Murray let it all hang out: "affirmative action, in education and the workplace alike, is leaking a poison into the American soul."
In a New York Times review Bob Herbert wrote regarding the last two chapters of the Bell Curve:
>"the book is just a genteel way of calling somebody a nigger."
What surprised me when I read it in '94 was that the book is about 250 pages of argument supported by about 450 pages of appendices showing their data. The first part really is a fast read.
The basic conclusion:
Asians are smarter than Caucasians who are smarter than Negroes.
Asians make better cultural decisions (crime, child birth and more) than Caucasians who make better cultural decisions than Negroes.
Controversial
>>1378025
The Bell Curve is an interesting book; it produces highly polarizing reactions to different people. /pol/-types react with glee along the lines of "hurt see blacks are stupid!" Left-ish people react along the lines of that Bob Hebert quote, or are at least unsettled by it.
The book gets a lot of flak for many of its cited studies being funded by the Pioneer Fund, an organization which definitely has a white supremacist bent, even if not explicitly so. It certainly raises the question of bias in the studies, but that doesn't automatically invalidate them; funding has to come from somewhere. Thomas Sowell, who is no racist or white nationalist, made a good point about this: he said studies of race and IQ are so politically radioactive since the late 1960s that it is impossible to get them funded by mainstream sources, so researchers are forced to turn to groups like the Pioneer Fund. He also said there are valid reasons to study race and IQ, pointing out that it is unclear why black girls do so much better than black boys on academic performance tests; this trend does not occur in other racial or ethnic groups. However, no potentially worthwhile research can be done here because of the political situation. Sowell doesn't subscribe to the strict genetic theory of IQ (and to be fair to Murray and Herrnstein, neither does the Bell Curve), but he does believe it is "real" in the sense that it can predict how you will do in life and that it is heritable in the sense that if your parents had a low IQ, then there's a stronger chance you will too.
/int/craft has launched!
IP is intcraft.online
Current Year - Factions - World Map - Guns
Recipes (will be updated)
Guns: http://imgur.com/P6IVnyY
Enchants and armor
Projectile Protection/Protection are disabled, you can craft iron armor put not diamond armor.
Sharpness/Power/Infinity/Flame are disabled, you can craft iron swords but not diamond sword.
It is recommended to use guns for PvP rather than swords/bows
When you spawn you will have the option to choose from 4 different warps, each one will teleport you to a random location around that choosen location.
The locations to choose from are either europe, americas, asia or africa. This will cut down some of the usual travel time from spawning for the first time.
If the in-game resource pack download doesnt work, use this (for gun skin, armor skin, custom music discs and more): https://download.nodecdn.net/containers/nodecraft/minepack/8eac6f148b81b4955e44f7f9faca32b7.zip
will be here to answer any questions
recipes as always
Why is Lemon such a dickweed
I'm starting some hobby investigation of the JFK assassination, help me out will ya?
Let's chalk up the most significant points in the fields of:
Ballistics
-Back and to the left/Zapruder film
{Frontal shot?}
Characters:
Oswald
{Residence in russia, ... lots of informtion in WR}
Ruby
{dead before trial, requested polygraph test, see Warren report}
George Joannides
{see below, later sat on house commitee on assassinations}
{directed and financed cuban student revolutionaries that had contact with Oswald}
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/17/us/17inquire.html?_r=0
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCOURTS-caDC-12-05032/pdf/USCOURTS-caDC-12-05032-0.pdf
So far the biggest thing I've learned is that Oswald infact had a relation, however indirect, with CIA operations prior to the assassination.
I'll add what I've found to be of interest so far and I'll keep updating daily.
Warren report: https://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/warren-commission-report/
Are there other documents available beyond the warren report? How can I access them? Any significant ones?
Let me save you some time - Oswald did it and it wasn't a conspiracy
Zapruder frame 313, the moment of the head shot.
The exit is in the front, not the back.
This means that the shot was from the back, and not the front.
Oswald did it, acting alone.
So this was a thing.
http://www.evoanth.net/2013/04/15/lucy-the-knuckle-walker-answers-in-genesis-v-evoanth/
>>1372559
Good god the cognitive dissonance in creationists is astounding.
Do Americans LITERALLY believe this stuff?
>>1373406
Most are actually quite alright. They think they're a bit of problem, though. I even talked with a pastor just yesterday, and he was completely fine with the idea that we and chimps have a common ancestor.
Why did no orthodox kingdom ever use plated armor even decades after its proliferation in the west, and them encountering it during battles with catholic powers(byzantine-venetian wars, hungarians vs balkan kingdoms, livonian wars, muscovy vs commonwealth)?
>inb4 it was too expensive
Bulgaria or Muscovy werent poorer than, say Flanders or Thuringen.
>>1379137
Did the invention of plate armor suddenly make western Europeans better at war.
cossacks used breastplates, I saw some on the kremlin museum
>>1379154
yes, it offered much better flexibility and protection.
Why have birth rates plummeted in the west?
To me it seems like the westenr world has externalized morality. Instead of following some internal code by which one judged himself we now structure behaviour in society using laws surveillance, police force, punishment and so on.
Western societies are extremely strucutred and controlled(through consensus in the media).
making kids was prior fueled by religious ideals but while those weakened we failed to structure child creation.
Wouldnt it make sense to move child creation and raising to the state/society? the creaiton of children can be state controoled and done in a more scientific way, based on projections and demographic calculations.
raising kids could be a proper full time proffesion.
Nature tells us we are not on the verge of extinction, so it's okay not to reproduce. That's why the poor minorities tend to reproduce more than other races because they're constantly in survival mode. People are also aware of the costs and expenses it is to have children. A lot of people in the west find it easier to bond with pet animals than to have children.
>>1379988
Poor people have more kids in order to survive.
Rich people have fewer kids in order to enjoy their lives more.
>>1379988
> making kids was prior fueled by religious ideals
True but there were also economic reasons.
When you´re poor there´s safety in numbers.
When you get to decent living standards you don´t want the burden of 8 or 9 kids.
Say for some reason, western culture never spread as much as it did. What culture would have been the most likely to replace western culture as the dominant one in the world? At what period did that culture miss it's chance to spread and why?
>>1376703
lol american education
>>1376703
>What culture would have been the most likely to replace western culture as the dominant one in the world?
Arab (unless you consider Islam Western, as an abrahamic religion held by a generally Semitic people), East Asian or South American, in that order.
>At what period did that culture miss it's chance to spread and why?
1500, colonization of the new world. Trade networks and resources are everything. Europoors would be SOL if China or Japan got to the Americas first.
>>1376703
The wording of this post makes me feel like it is an essay question, but anyway
It would have probably been islamic culture. The reason that western culture spread so much was because of a desire to SPREAD western culture. Not many groups throughout history cared that much about converting other groups to their way of life. For example, while the chinese had a magnificent and complex culture, they were more interested in staying in their homeland and protecting their culture from others, so they wouldnt go to say america in order to teach them to be chinese. On the other hand, islamic culture preches that the whole world should be converted to islam, so they would have been bound to send out people trying to spread the islamic way of life.
Would you consider the Byzantine Empire to be a proper continuation of the Roman Empire? Not only did they think so themselves, but were referred to throughout the world as Romans. They were culturally, economically, politically, and judicially almost the same people. The only thing that speaks against this view seems to be their gradual Hellenization. Some have also argued, although seldom very convincingly, that if the Byzantine Empire was indeed the Roman Empire, then we should also consider the Ottoman Empire to be part of the continuation.
Did Rome, republic and empire, really last between approximately 509 BC and 1453 AD?
>>1375109
It is not a continuation, it is the Roman Empire. The empire itself was called the Roman Empire when it still existed. Some inbred swampnigger who claimed that he wuz Roman 'n shiet proposed to call them "Byzantines".
>Some have also argued, although seldom very convincingly, that if the Byzantine Empire was indeed the Roman Empire, then we should also consider the Ottoman Empire to be part of the continuation.
No, but Ottoman Empire is genuinely the successor state to the Roman Empire, as Mehmed II was of Roman nobility himself and was crowned the Caesar of Rome by the Orthodox Patriarch himself. As sad as this sounds T*rkey remains the sole successor to Rome.
>>1375131
>As sad as this sounds T*rkey remains the sole successor to Rome.
Not counting the Catholic Church, of course?
>>1375109
The Eastern Roman Empire is indeed still the Roman Empire, it's as much the Roman Empire in 330 as it was in 1450. The citizens still called themselves Roman until the very end and the Emperors still bore the title of Καῖσαρ, or Caesar.
The reason for the split is because the Late Roman Empire had little influence over Western Europe like France and Germany, who insisted that the Holy Roman Emperor was the true "king of the Romans" as ordained by the Pope.
>Did Rome, republic and empire, really last between approximately 509 BC and 1453 AD?
If you count the Roman Kingdom born in 738 BC, along with the Republic and Empire, a Roman state has existed for 2191 years, existing for nearly half of the history of human writing.
