Why is the Church so butthurt about Lutheran doctrine when it's basically Augustinianism applied consistently?
>>348086
It's really not that butthurt. The Catholic Church has been through countless reforms since its foundation. It really all comes down to Martin being autistic.
All true believers are members of the one body. The true invisible church. We hope someday the Catholic Church repent of their additions to the true faith and full communion can be restored once again.
>>348086
It isn't. Augustine's theology is simply reaffirmed by Trent. Luther strayed away from it
Tell me about the fall of the GDR /his/
What happened? Collapse of the regime due to people's uprising?
Also can anyone tell me what it was like growing up in eastern Europe from the sixties or seventies onwards? I like reading people's experience of that
A fall due to even losing russian support
>>348002
Generally any state that literally has to build a wall to keep its citizens in is going to have stability problems. The only thing that kept them afloat was the fact that they were a Russian puppet and they saw what happened to Hungary and Czechoslovakia.
>>348002
>Also can anyone tell me what it was like growing up in eastern Europe from the sixties or seventies onwards? I like reading people's experience of that
Read "Stasiland" it's chock full of interviews from GDR citizens, both in favor and against the former state.
>>348981
Yeah, their students were chanting for Gorby to save them during the 40th anniversary ceremony. That's pretty bad.
>>348987
They had a relatively high standard of living overall. The wall was seen by some as a means to prevent Westerners from taking cheaper, subsidized basic goods and preventing mingling and thus WWIII.
What are some well quotable historical figures?
I find Benjamin Franklin to be pretty based
Marcus Aurelius is almost more famous for his quotes than for being the Emperor of the most powerful state on the earth in his time.
Voltaire and Shakespeare have mountains of quotes.
>>347798
He always has his lips pursed, like this look of being mildly displeased like he never got to visit Europe or something.
>>347835
But he did visit europe, he was a non voting representative for the colonies in London prior to the war, and a ambassador to france during and after.
Beside most portraits of that era have men with pursed lips, probably becuase their breath stank.
I have until next Monday the 7th to become profecient in the history and culture of the Mayan civilization. What do I need to know /his/?
>>347099
Wasn't an empire or single nation, rather a bunch of city-states.
It took the Spanish hundreds of years to fully subjugate the Mayans.
Unlike their Aztec neighbours to the west, they did not commit human sacrifices.
Largest city was Chitchen Itza.
Mayan people and language still exist today.
Predicted the end of the world on December 21st 2012.
There were no fresh bodies of water so the Maya channeled rain across their cities into cisterns during the rainy season. Priests were the ones who gave out the water and supposedly controlled the rains. A record drought hit and the authority of the priests dried up with the water and the civilization dissolved.
Also they had the only legit writing system in the Americas.
How did Germany and Japan recover so well after World War 2?
>>347014
Because they weren't shit beforehand
Marshall Plan for West Germany and massive US aid with the most generous tariffs in history for Japan.
The US almost fucked itself over trying to make Japan powerful again. We did the same for China and it's fucking us over again.
>>347030
Shut up anglo, the chinese are just wise to the anglo menace and took advantage of the cold war.
What was Japan like pre marshall plan?
Was it comparable to the west in terms of wealth and standard of living in the years leading up to the Second World War?
>>346715
>in terms of wealth
Japan was an advanced industrial imperialist power.
>standard of living
The japanese proletariat was bitterly oppressed.
>>346715
All things considered, prewar Imperial Japan was more like Imperial Russia in a lot of ways.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan#20th_century
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_Empire_of_Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire_of_Japan_(economic_and_financial_data)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_production_in_Shōwa_Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Japan#Japanese_Mineral_Production_.281916.E2.80.931933.29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Imperial_Japan
Does game theory make sociology irrelevant?
Since game theory allows us to predict with mathematical accuracy the behaviors and effects of human behaviors, isn't sociology just political masturbation at this point?
Also, what (if anything) has sociology contributed to the planet?
>>346609
It still has its use. More accurately, sociology makes use of game theory.
Game theory can't into cultural trends
>>346609
Does the theory of relativity make physics irrelevant?
We all know who the best president was, but who was the best Secretary of Defense? My vote goes to this guy.
>Used rigorous statistical analysis to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of all military activities
>Cancelled wasteful military projects no matter how many Senators bitched about it.
>Consolidated useful programmes together to reduce costs further.
>Standardized equipment across the various branches to simplify logistics.
>Pioneered the usage of multirole combat aircraft to make all branches more versatile.
Robert McNamara is the hero we need today.
>>346443
His nerds are the reason we lost Vietnam.
Wars are not cost effective and to try to apply economics to them will fuck you over.
>>346443
I like him because he lived in the 60s and because he was in black ops
>>346455
Wars are very cost effective though.
Are my defintions of words and terms relating to religious debate wrong or right?
Naturalistic Pantheist - someone that thinks the Universe is cool and we are all part of one Universe but there is nothing magical about it.
Pantheist - someone that thinks we are all part of one Universe and it is magical.
Agnostic - someone that holds the extremist empirical position that gnosis is impossible.
Atheist - someone that holds the position that there is no reason to believe in a god and therefore doesn't.
Deist - someone that holds the position that the Universe was created by a supreme being but we can't know anything about it.
Theist - someone that holds the position that a supreme being that created the Universe exists and he has given us knowledge of what the supreme creator being thinks through divine revelation via angels and prophets.
Polytheist - holds the position there are loads of cool gods, like Hanuman or Zeus and they get up to various cray capers at the expense of mankind.
Gnostic - someone that holds the position that the material world sucks and we are all spirits, dude.
Antitheist - someone that holds the position that all religion is harmful.
>>346380
I think your definition of naturalistic Pantheist, actually describes most Pantheists in general.
Stephan Hawking has been described as a pantheist, but I don't believe he would say there's anything magical about it.
>>346390
He probably believes in Spinoza's god, like Einstein, which is just a flowery way of saying he thinks the universe is neat.
>>346390
I think Stepehen Hawking is philosophically a pantheist but has openly described himself as an atheist on many occasions.
>>346415
I can never get my head around what Spinoza thought. He seems to be taking the position that the Universe itself is divine and describes it as God but uses a totally different definition of God to one that Theists and Deists use.
whats the most interesting period in history to learn about?
>world war boos fuck off
>crusade boos fuck off
>mongol boos fuck off
>people who like things I don't get out of my threaddd geeet ouuuut reeeeeeee
>>346002
ive studied those to death
give me a good one anon
>>345991
>Russian Civil war
seriously that shit is interesting
Tell me about Voltaire, /his/
Brilliant writer, or deluded comedian?
>>345667
His work marks the end of the Age of Darkness
Tell me /his/, why is his face so smug?
>>345692
Voltaire was ultimately right about pretty much every single topic he wrote about. He was loved and respected, but never hated, throughout all of Europe. Furthermore, he because a meme in his lifetime.
Would you not be smug as fuck?
Did Hitler accidentally into Keynesian economics at a time when Germany's neighbors were cutting spending?
>>345656
Hitler killed any credibility the far right have had left
fascist and nazi are used as slurs now
>>345656
Hitler did nothing wrong
>>345665
>Hitler
>far right
A
Y
Y
L
M
A
O
How have various societies dealt with the universal experience of pooping?
I've been thinking about this lately. I was prompted by the common joke of "women don't poop", which is essentially poking fun at ideas of feminine purity by contrasting it with the silly notion that they do not, in fact, poop which is viewed as an inherently vulgar, gross, whatever you want to call it, act. Consider also the joke from The Interview about Kim Jong Un which says that, because he runs at maximum efficiency, he does not poop and his butthole is "purely decorative". A necessity of the deification and purification of the Supreme Leader is to deny such vulgar acts. It's even used later in the film when Kim Jong Un poops himself on television, which signals the humanizing of the man, showing him as a mere equal to the people.
So I want to know about previous ages and their own experiences with this. Have they viewed pooping not as a base act? Has it been merely mocked? Etc.
>>345192
Feudal/Early Imperial China BY FAR has the most disgusting Ancient Toilet: this shit.
It is an outhouse typical of rural China of the time. Basically you shit and then the shit slides to the shitpig. Which happily eats your shit. Though aparently it is also the food-waste disposal of rural communities and thats where they threw their leftovers: along with the shit to the shitpig.
Eventually in the Han Dynasty, the rural Chinese realized that this is a flawed system due to diseases and replaced the shitpig with urban removable septic tank, which could be used for fertilizer.
The romans had shared public toilets where you could discuss current affairs whilst shitting.
>>345226
Hah that is super interesting. Use of it as fertilizer is a particularly interesting element, especially nowadays. I am not super familiar with previous uses of fecal matter, hence making this thread. However I have noticed we are very much so impractical in our use of shit, not even using human waste as fertilizer but merely as waste. Something to be disposed of, not just another tool which is especially weird in an age that often emphasizes recycling and reusing.
When did Islamism replace Arab nationalism as a credible ideology of muslim resistance?
Yeah, I know about defeats of Arab coalitions by Israel, fall of the USSR, Saudi petrodollars, Mujahideen victory in Afghanistan etc. but was there some watershed moment?
>>345162
There wasn't. Nationalism slowly decayed and withered away, discredited by decades of failure.
>>345171
I'm curious what kind of fucked up ideology is going to replace Islamism
Secular Middle East. Just imagine
>>345162
Simple answer?
>George DUBYA Bush
Long answer?
>Israel gets backed by US in it's wars
>Arab world now hates USA
>petro dollar allows Wahabism to spread it's message with billions in funds for madrassas and imams all over the world
>Saudis and Israel continually pressure US to defeat the few remaining opponents in the ME
>Iraq gets rekt
>Syria gets rekt
>"SUDDENLY ISIS GUYS"
Baathism and Arab nationalism was obliterated in the name of "freedom" and replaced by Arab Spring- CIA-MOSSAD-SAUDI funded cells.
Voila, welcome to the ME of 2015, where Islam has conquered all and the Arab spring looks like a joke in hindsight.
Thanks Bush Sr. Thanks Bush Jr. Thanks Israel. Thanks Al-Sauds.
How is Anthropology, a social science allowed here, but not Psychology?
Gee, for a board about critical thinking the mods sure don't seem to think so much.
Anthropology isn't rigidly a social science. It's sort of a mixture between science and humanities, depending on the branch/discipline.
>for a board about critical thinking
You gonna get auroch'ed
>>345099
Because psychology is a fucking joke, it shouldn't even be considered a soft science. There's nothing scientifical or empirical about psychology.
It's just a bunch of dudes making shit up depending on their morals and their life experiences.
![game_theory1[1].gif](https://i.imgur.com/AFxbgdA.gif "game theory1[1]")
