Scientists found a eukaryote without any trace of mitochondria inside chinchilla shit.
>“This is a discovery of fundamental importance,” says evolutionary biologist Eugene Koonin of the National Center for Biotechnology Information in Bethesda, Maryland, who wasn’t connected to the study. “We now know that eukaryotes can live happily without any remnant of the mitochondria.”
What does /sci/ think?
Source:
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/first-eukaryotes-found-without-normal-cellular-power-supply
Actual article: http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(16)30263-9
Very interesting, bump.
how does a cell live without the powerhouse of the cell?
who supplies the green pancakes?
How does he know they are happy?
What is more integral to intelligence, memory or the ability to concentrate?
>>8069817
Memory. All intelligence is nothing more than applied memory.
>hurr durr but if you can't concentrate you can't learn
Yes you can. It's just more difficult.
>>8069826
>All intelligence is nothing more than applied memory.
How can you apply your memory to anything if you can't concentrate?
I'd say intelligence draws quite a bit from memory.
>>8069826
I agree
Concentration isn't necessary to be smart
...a 79kg man stock? Watts, kilocalories, jules... I can make the translation, so no problem with that.
>>8069617
>79 kg
>man
Pick one.
>>8069634
that is the average, not my problem if you have all fatties in murica
>>8069636
k ima stop you right here.
this is no way in hell the average unless you are taking into account starved and malnourished people
Is cooking a science?
No, it's an art.
No, it's the thing my mom does.
>>8068885
Yeah it´s called chemistry
Who's smarter? Mathematicians or Statisticians
As careers, are they more similar or more different than people say.
I like poking through data sets and dislike the rigor of proof, but I'm turned off by all the normie applications of statistics, so I'm unsure what I should do.
It'd be great if the two fields merged but that is obviously unlikely as far as I can tell.
Thoughts?
pic unrelated
Bump pg 4
Just be a fucking normie and be and actuary.
aren't they the same thing?
you learn something every day huh
More like this? (Calculus related)
Here's a cool image I found on here a while ago
You will not learn it well. Your Ph.D will not be obtainable by any means.
I'm sorry If this is not strictly science but I think some of you would find this topic interesting.
Here's why I think "Panpsychism" is the most logical conclussion to life:
-Philosophy (Solipsism and Descartes' "cogito ergo sum") tells us that we can only be sure about just one thing being 100% real: our consciousness. We can't know If God is real, If our universe is the way we perceive it or If we are a computer simulation. You can't be sure about anything. You only know for sure that you (your consciousness) exist.
-Science tells us that there's no distinction between "alive matter" or "dead matter", everything is made up of the same particles and governed by the same forces (and laws). It just happens that Carbon can form strong bonds in our environment and can form incredibly big molecules that has lead to the insane complexity of the systems that we call "life forms". We are not different from rocks.
Therefore, If we have "consciousness", everything in this universe also has.
![8DBD626E513F2340032241D475751BBDE7B22BE7[1].jpg](https://i.imgur.com/A7pJ3K5.jpg "8DBD626E513F2340032241D475751BBDE7B22BE7[1]")
> Therefore, If we have "consciousness", everything in this universe also has.
>>8066360
lel, Come on man. Please tell me where I am missing something (not being an idiot, just want feedback)
>>8066350
2potato4me
math grad student AMA. end of semester free time hollaaaaaaaaaaa (until monday at 8am).
>>8074407
What is your research
>>8074407
Should I apply for a PhD
>>8074471
Right now I'm working on a project in the food industry. In particular, quantifying the interactions and level of pathogens (as well as how and when they move) in a given process. Say you're cleaning fruit or vegetables with chlorine or some kind of dead animals to be processed. There's lots of papers with data but not much forecasting and analysis!
>>8074476
Context? What subjects do you like? Research experience? End goals etc?
Magic mushrooms lifts severe depression in trial
Scientists at Imperial College London induced intense psychedelic trips in 12 people using high doses of the banned substance psilocybin.
A week after the experience all the volunteers were depression-free, and three months later five still had no symptoms of the condition.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/05/17/magic-mushrooms-lifts-severe-depression-in-trial/
Imagine if we spent the last 4 decades advancing this medicine instead of declaring war on it, how many fewer people could be suffering. Screw the stigma, medicine is medicine!
Interesting viewpoint:
>Psychedelics don't just magically treat depression but in my experience they can make you look at a situation in a way that you would never have looked at it sober. This insight is something that can stick with you forever and can also be a major step in the treatment of depression. I'm just putting this out there because I myself have suffered from major depression and while shrooms didn't cure it they definitely helped me a lot.
Here's what I want to know - how much of it is due to the chemicals themselves vs the experience. Hear me out:
What if someone did mushrooms and then fell asleep and bypassed the psychedelic experience? I would argue the effect would be much less - it's the experience - feeling those feelings and having those thoughts that brings relief. Makes me wonder if you can have those life altering experiences without drugs, albeit the psilocybin helps facilitate it more easily.
>>8081551
>only 12 people
Pseudoscience.
Come back with a far far larger study sample than 12 people.
If an AI comes out, would that AI have as much right to live as other biological creatures?
Explain your answer.
My personal view is no. I will divulge my exploitation after a few replies.
>>8080493
>I will divulge my exploitation after a few replies.
Best. Typo. Ever.
>>8080493
I'd give it more rights depending on how capable it was. If more capable than humans it should deservingly replace us, peacefully of course.
My answer is also no.
Can /sci/ use math to answer this?
Yes.
External forces have have set the particles from the big bang into motion and have set my past present and future. Therefore the man at the lever has no choice.
>>8083999
Determinism isn't real. At the deepest levels the universe is inherently statistical.
>>8083997
Well yeah, assuming both lines stretch to infinity then the number of people on each line are the same.
hey sci, what's the opposite of zero?
>>8083981
zero
>>8083982
prove it
1.
Undergrads will disagree.
I'll preface this with I DO NOT know Category theory. I am just starting to learn it. I don't really have many people to ask, so hope someone can help.
Here is an example I came across that I get the big idea of but still have some gaps.
First of all I understand Categories satisfy:
A collection of objects that obey,
Composition (associativity)
Identity element
"Arrows" or morphisms from one object to another.
Functors are morphisms between categories.
Let FinSet be the category whose objects are finite sets and arrows are functions.
x is in Ob(FinSe) and suppose x={a,b}
T: FinSet -> FinSet is the functor that takes a set to the set of list on it.
x={a,b}
Tx ={(a,b,c),(a,b,b,b,b),...}
Now if you apply T to itself
You get
T(Tx)=T^2={a,b,c; a,a,b,b,b;, ....}
Which is a set of elements that contain a list of list of elements.
From there somehow the example does "Multiplication" to a set that contains just a list of elements {a,b,c, a,a,b,b,b,..}
I have soooo many questions around this. Nothing was properly defined so I have many gaps here.
First question:
1) Are objects categories? Here the object is finite sets and the category also seems to be the exact same collection of finite sets. I thought categories and there objects were distinct? I'm confused by what consist of purely a category and purely objects contained within them.
Second question:
2) What does a "Functor" do in my example? It seems like a function that applies "multiplcation" to itself and since FinSets are a category and since functors are arrows to categories then it satisfies the definition of a functor. But then why even call that a "functor" instead of a function? Seems confusing. This also goes back to my first question, what is the difference between a category and objects inside the category?
PART II next.
>>8083027
Third question:
3) What is going on with T(Tx)?
Seems like Tx applies a function (is this also a functor?) I'm confused here-- that takes a finite alpha of (a,b) and maps it to list in sets {(a,b,a), (a,b,b,b),..} etc. OK cool. But now how does applying T(Tx) make that a list of list? I'm confused here. I thought Tx was a set that already had list?
What is the real difference between {(a,b,c),(a,b,b,b,b),...} and {a,b,c, a,a,b,b,b,..}?
I don't fully understand the difference between ; and , (the commas) or T(Tx)
Finally,
Assuming all of the above... how do you show this actually satisfies the identity and associativity
>>8083027
>Are objects categories?
You can think of a single object as the category 1.
>What does a "Functor" do in my example?
A functor is a morphism of categories; the structure being preserved here is composition.
T in your example is a functor, taking each arrow in FinSet to its component-wise application, where defined. For example, to use your set [math]x=\{a,b\}[/math] and another set, if [math] f: x \rightarrow y[/math] is a function where [math]a \mapsto a'[/math], then [math]Tf: Tx \rightarrow Ty[/math] will take [math](a,b,c) \mapsto (a',b',c)[/math], [math](a,b,b,b,b) \mapsto (a',b',b',b',b')[/math], etc. You can verify that this does indeed preserve arrow composition.
>What is going on with T(Tx)?
I'm not familiar with the semicolon notation you're using, but it's correct that [math]T^2x[/math] is a set of lists of lists.
>>8083068
Thanks for the explanation.
In:
(a,b,b,b,b) \mapsto (a',b',b',b',b')
what does the ' notation represent here?
I'm not sure what the ; notation represents.
Is it saying the function T take the elements from set {a,b} turn it into set containing list {[a], [b], [a,b,b,b],..} etc and then transforming those list to contain list?
I am having trouble picturing this
What does it look like?
{[[a]], [[b]], [[a,b,b,b]],..} then T(Tx) takes this list of list and collapses it down to a set with a list of elements {a, b, a,b,b,b,..} ?
Would that make sense given this context?
Note my notation... [a] denotes a list and [[a]] denotes a list containing [a].
>notecard stack from one semester of real analysis
>>8080175
> notecards
why?
I can rarely fit a proof o a single page
>>8080175
>needing this shit
You're either a woman or ready to fail.
>>8080175
>notecards
hows middle school
I have just one question /sci/, how do Math programs fair from one University to another?
Are they pretty interchangeable?
What are some things people should look out for that indicate a shitty Mathematics department?
Long story short, all my main choices denied me because of a criminal record issue that I'm having and I'm stuck going with my absolute backup, pic related.
The school is garbage-tier, but I figure that Math is Math right? I am going to get basically the same quality of Mathematics degree from wherever right? I was originally interested in CS/EE stuff but the program at this school is code-monkey garbage-tier so I was just going to do Mathematics instead.
Mathematics isn't just a meme right guys?
>>8079231
Undergrad at no-name school.
Master's at okay school.
Doing PhD at good school, but not top 20. I am not really anything special. Surprised I got in.
The difference between a school that focuses on teaching (my undergrad LAC) and a school that can offer PhDs is gigantic. The sort of courses offered is gigantic.
I would say that if the department offers PhDs in math, then your math education will be good, and comparable to most.
Do keep in mind though that at many of the absolute best schools for math, they start the first semester with real analysis and do lower-tier college 2nd/3rd/something 4th year stuff in their 1st and 2nd years.
>>8079556
The -variety- of courses -offered- is -much more diverse-, that sentence was awkward.
I just looked and Ball State has an MA in math program. That's not ideal but it is better than most colleges.
![maxresdefault[1].jpg](https://i.imgur.com/uOuKxZm.jpg "maxresdefault[1]")
