Valyrian Steel Armor Edition.
>>70285304
Post actors that definitely have had some gay experience
fuck you he would be a shitty euron
>>70287847
Can someone tell me what the fuck Benjen was doing in the North for 5 seasons?
>>70287795
9th for GAGs
As somebody who shat on every episode so far, this last one was pretty decent.
nth for budget cuts
>The Targaryens have always been as unstable as they were great, but this one seems a beast in human skin.
>Viserys Targaryen was bitter and entitled, aye, but a man could deal with Viserys. We've all known worse. But this younger sister of his ... they say she's mad and cruel, a monster.
>The evil is in her blood, she is an inbred born of rape. An usurper, no matter what Barristan Turncloak says.
>She should have been content to grind corn in Essos. Does she truly think that she can ever rule Westeros?
> And Books, the clever Volantene swordsman who always seemed to have his nose poked in some crumbly scroll, thought the dragon queen both murderous and mad. “Her khal killed her brother to make her queen. Then she killed her khal to make herself khaleesi. She practices blood sacrifice, lies as easily as she breathes, turns against her own on a whim. She’s broken truces, tortured envoys … her father was mad too. It runs in the blood.”
>Her blood is bad. She needs to be leeched. The leeches suck away the bad blood, all the rage and pain. No girl can think so full of anger. Daenarys, though her tainted blood would poison even leeches, I fear.
>With her bowed legs, flabby arms, and prominent eyebrows, she presented a comical appearance, but Jon knew better than to laugh at her. She was a wife to Khal Drogo and had been among the first to follow him in accepting the Dothraki's stallion god. If she is not a kinslayer, she is the next best thing. Daenerys Targaryen's brother had been burned by Drogo, Ser Jorah had informed him, yet Daenerys had done little and less to stop it. What sort of woman can stand by idly and watch her own brother being burned alive?
>>70287847
>>70287847
my mom seems sure of it
>>70287865
what makes you say that?
>>70287873
fucking some Children otf
>>70287883
The budget has only increased season after season though.
>>70287918
hot
>>70287902
bestfu
Why do so many people care about the stupid fucking wolves? What do they do? They're stupid animals who cares if they die.
>The dumb wolf that hasn't done anything except kill a few people now and then died
Good riddance.
xth for baelish
What's everyone's favorite example of the Emmy Award Winning Writing this season?
A couple of mine:
>You greedy bitch!
>Let's go murder them
>*farts*
>You'd need 1000 ships.
>>70287932
so edgy will you please fuck my mom
20th for Dickon
>>70287922
They keep spending more on le epic CGI Dany scenes.
>>70287932
>Being this edgy
>>70287902
B L A C K E D
>>70287932
You're the sort of monster that thinks it was right to shoot Harambe
>>70287955
when is Rickon gonna marry Dickson and become the gay emperors of Essos?
>your face when you must chase and outpace Based Mace the Ace in a race
BASED GRRM BTFO D&D
>“No” said Martin, “I continue to be opposed to fan fiction because it’s copyright infringement. HBO, of course, gets around this by paying me large dump trucks full of money. So, if you would like to arrive in front of my house with a large dump truck full of money, I may consider allowing you to do some fan fiction. But I won’t consider it fan fiction then. I would consider it a sub-license. I make many sub-licenses to people who do games and card games and coins, etcetera. But Harlan Ellison always had this rule that he has been very vocal about over the years. You can find his diatribe about it on YouTube: ‘PAY THE WRITER’. And I think John also feels (one must) pay the artist, because this is how we make our living.”
>>70287982
Child > A Gorilla
Americans have stupid priorities to see it the other way around.
>>70287910
The actor was one of the main characters in the tv series Queer as Folk.
>>70287877
via
9gag
dot
com
>>70287873
probably figured the night's watch and normal people in general wouldn't accept someone whos an undead half icezombie
>>70287932
Is 9GAG down or something? What the fuck is going on tonight?
>>70288007
where did this meme theory come from?
>>70288007
Smeone needs to turn this into an image now Dickon has been cast.
>>70287933
That's the real reason why he's our guy
>>70287955
He looked kinda like a chad but not as much as an asshole as I expected
>>70287877
There is a fresh batch of boipussy on /b/ you better scoot.
>>70288039
Fuck off Reddit.
HYPE
Y
P
E
>>70287847
most of them
actors are just higher paid theaterfags
>>70287955
Why did Sam act like he knew nothing about hunting when him being forced to learn how to hunt by Randyll was a plot point in Season 1?
Also since when do women not hunt? They may not go boar hunting, but hawking is a respected tradition for ladies.
>>70287932
In the books they're badass, in the show all they do is die.
Will the Winds of Winter EVER BE RELEASED?
>>70287902
this dude looks like he has seen some shit.
>>70288013
>dick on face dot jaypeg
>no dick on his face
???
>>70288081
Never
>>70288059
I have never been on reddit, I was genuinely curious as to why retards think two characters who have never met will be emperors of a place they have never been to.
>>70288081
Yes, one chapter at a time.
>>70288065
>dope as shit fishscale armour scares enemies who are afraid of fish
>>70287883
I don't even understand this. Why wouldn't they just keep the original set of armor for further use later?
>>70288065
did Blackfish just teleport behind Jaime's back?
>>70288017
jesus his fat fuck is insufferable
>>70287976
A C T I N G C A R E E R
>>70288052
bb, it's back up. best scoot
http://9gag.com/
>>70287952
>Now it ends
>I feel the Winds of Winter lick across the lands
>Hello mother, this is my wive's son
>Finally, I know what it feels like to be the Song of Ice and Fire
>>70287902
>tfw you will never watch frogfu get stuffed with feminine dicks
>>70287986
what embarrassing whores I hope there parents killed themselves.
What will Stannis' plot arc be in season 7?
>Ramsay in open rebellion in the North
>Euron in open rebellion in the Iron Islands
>Blackfish in open rebellion in the Riverlands
>Sand Snecks in open rebellion in Dorne
>Random Stannis extras in open rebellion in Storm's End and Dragonstone
>High Sparrow STILL has the heir to House Tyrell locked up
>Dany could show up with her dragons at any time
>Nah, let's just leave the only good soldier at home to go on hunting trips and have family drama
Is everyone on this show blind and stupid?
>>70288017
Who the hell cares what the fat old prick thinks? He's got an ego the size of the moon, wants all of his manuscripts burnt when he dies because god forbid someone finish the story, and is butthurt about something as dumb as not being paid for fanfiction. Fuck him, how about he finishes what he started in a reasonable amount of time instead of doing everything BUT writing, including this stupid interview excerpt.
Rare cordys where?
>>70288018
Morons have priorities wrong, you arab fucking euro
>>70288065
too bad jaime reks him :(
![tumblr_inline_mpyyazqyv41qz4rgp[1].gif](https://i.imgur.com/AuyWRYG.gif "tumblr_inline_mpyyazqyv41qz4rgp[1].gif")
DUDE A GIRL LOOKS LIKE A FUCKING GOBLIN LMAO
>>70288122
Something about it being hard to film, lighting and all. Easier to use the cheap sheet metal shit.
>>70287795
This soundtrack is the ultimate comfyness, why teh fuck isn't there a decentversion of it realeased anywhere yet?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PuR7-mbTsT8
>>70288167
Dragonstone has been taken if I remember rightly.
>>70288007
Cut from the show
>>70288076
>Why did Sam act like he knew nothing about hunting when him being forced to learn how to hunt by Randyll was a plot point in Season 1?
Awkwardly trying to fit it and mumbling crap?
>>70288049
>>70288089
Fresh off the presses
>>70288158
Frogfu is almost certainly a dyke. Not an insult, just factual.
>>70288195
Not on the show.
>>70288143
did you just find the internet yesterday?
>>70288207
They probably just have not shown it because nobody important is there.
>>70288102
it's a /got/ meme, you dip
>>70288167
I knew if I memed about Randyll Tarly enough people would catch on.
>literally the greatest military commander still living in all of westeros
>one of the tyrell's most powerful bannermen
>sitting at home instead of leading an army or sitting on the small council LIKE HE SHOULD BE DOING BY NOW
>>70288202
lel at pic
>>70288081
I'm pretty sure the next next book (ADoS) wont see the light of day (nor GRRM)
>>70288167
He's not a good soldier, he's an excellent military commander. There are no battles for him to lead in.
>>70288125
these fucking hacks can't even follow the 180 rule
>>70288065
>d&d will butcher jaime's riverland arc
>Jaime will kill blackfish in coldblood in the show
>off screen
Jaime is the most disappointing character this season after urine
>>70288167
chillin Howland Reed is also hunting frogs at home
>>70288194
i think every season's soundtrack is on Spotify
>>70288125
>psssh.... nothing personalll.....kid
>>70288067
>there will never be a dream world where you go to a GoT party and watch them experimenting on each other just for fun
>>70288213
bb, maymays. HUUUUUURRRRRRRYYYYYY
>>70288134
>>70288172
Haha have an uboat lads!
>>70288248
i honestly don't care, i just want book 6 so i can know what happens to jaime, davos, theon and JonCon. maybe jon and sansa. everyone else can fuck off.
>>70288143
>young lena
my cock
>>70288227
so there isn't actually any theory or evidence to support this idiocy?
>>70288167
This guy is a stupid fucking asshole just waiting to be killed.
>Wars going down
>lol I'm gonna stay at home and hunt
>FUCK YOU SON
>FUCK THAT WHORE YOU GOT
>I AM EDGY AND MEAN
>>70287883
I personally like the fact that the more dazzling, heroic parts designs are taken out of the armor when the Lannisters are in charge.
>>70288263
No, this soundtrack si unreleased, I looked for it everywhere in every season's ost video, it appears during the red wedding, the purople wedding, and briefly during Tyrion's wedding with Sansa, but it's never been released.
>>70288202
saved
>>70288250
Didnt they just send Jamie off to battle?
>>70288299
seriously, how new are you?
>>70288250
They don't have control of half the kingdom, including the capital.
>>70287889
(You)
>>70288326
>siege
>battle
what does got think of ramsay bolton
>>70288167
>>Ramsay in open rebellion in the North
Is he? I thought the Boltons were cool with the crown since the Red Wedding
I don't get the fucking rickon and dickon meme, I hate you all
>>70287883
>>70288122
I think they wanted to further emphasise the gold in goldcloaks.
They know that their audience is dense.
>>70288330
>>70288385
Marrying Sansa blew that up.
>>70288330
been here since literally season 2
I only ever see the smirkfu gif and no explanation as to why it's gonna happen. It's a dumb meme and you should feel bad.
>>70288385
Ramsey married Sansa. Littlefinger played the crown and the Boltons by giving her to him.
>>70288393
but the kingsguard are the white cloaks and the city watch is the goldcloaks
>>70288380
yes, that is a type of battle
>tfw no Val the Wildling Princess.
>>70288389
that's because you came from reddit two weeks ago, faggot
>>70288465
>>70288383
Oh look it's another evil for the sake of being evil character
So who's British accent is the worst this season? Euron's, Tyrion's, or Jaime's?
>>70288350
He's Mace's commander, not the crowns, and Mace only has issues at Kings Landing, which would be a goof to rally his greatest commander at kingslanding when the crisis doesn't call for a battle commander.
T R I G G E R E D
>>70288490
Daario turned American a couple times this season.
>>70288490
>Euron
That filth isn't the real Euron
>>70287795
>Boss, people around the internet want that danish actor as Euron
>Ok say no more
>>70288490
euron's. he's not even trying. tyrion's is bad too. jaime's is fine
>>70288460
Randall should be off fighting the Brackens and the Blackwoods not at a seige. His abilities are wasted there.
>>70288490
>this kid is retarded
>my feet hurt
>what accent shall i use this time
>i wish i was at king's landing fucking my waifu cat
You can put anyone on the Iron Throne, who is it?
>>70288502
>He's Mace's commander, not the crowns
The Tyrells are the ones backing the crown, which is why book Tarly spends his time pacifying the Riverlands.
And yes the crisis absolutely calls for a battle commander, which is why book Tarly marches straight to King's Landing with an army when he hears Margaery has been arrested in the books.
>>70288326
Jaime works for Cersei, Randyll is Mace's general. The Lannister's are connected to the Frey's by the red wedding and have to deal with it. Randyll supported Renly, under Mace, remember. There is no reason for him to do Lannister dirty work.
>>70288383
He's alright, the actor makes him entertaining to watch. Overall though he's not as compelling as in the books. He's too overpowered and lucky for really no reason at all and serves mostly as an antagonist and plot device. Show Roose was definitely more interesting but we had to kill him off to make Ramsay even more hated.
>>70288551
Myrcella
>>70288383
DnD have a strange fascination with the character. Now he's almost godlike in luck/ability. Its probably going to be a letdown when he finally dies because of the massive buildup hes gotten.
>>70288568
Yeah, Tarly would never fight in the Riverlands!
http://awoiaf.westeros.org/index.php/Battle_at_Duskendale
>>70288551
Shireen
>>70287910
Thats a big dick
>>70288438
>dumb meme
for you, maybe
>>70288516
Just terrible
>>70288580
This
Iwan Rheon is great, but Ramsay is more or less just another edgelord
>>70288551
Tywin's corpse because even a dead Tywin would make a better king than half of these shit tier muh ambition characters who have no idea how a kingdom is supposed to be run.
>>70288477
HBO had an excuse to cast a really hot actress in a badass role and they didnt. Life is suffering.
>>70288551
>>70288642
I can't believe this skipped on casting an Arianne.
>>70288393
Jaime isn't a Goldcloak.
>>70288600
that was because a third of Robb's forces were vulnerable. there's a difference between that and a simple siege.
>>70288551
Drogon
>>70288551
>>70287955
That was Dickon? That nigga is older than Sam!
I thought that was the Fossoway boy Sam's sister was betrothed to.
>>70288490
When Jaime speaks English it is in a British accent
>>70288304
2/10 apply yourself
>>70288304
Fuck off reddit
>>70288649TRIGGERED
why did falcon call ant-man "tic tac"?
>>70287933
Yeah I am now a #BAELISHMISSILE
Those normie nobles need to be killed REEEEEEEE
>>70288163
He'll get animated by the white walkers and be a wight.
>>70288662
>arianne oberyn
that's darkstar you fucking mong. why would she be fucking her dead brother
>>70288662
>fucking your uncle
>>70288699
yeah it's Dickon (finally after 5 years lol), the milf mom mentioned "your father and brother are hunting" or something earlier and Sam makes several references.
>>70288664
And you try desperately to move the goal posts from your bullshit claim that there's no reason for the Tyrell's to help suppress rebellion against the Crown they're backing. And the Tyrells are definitely not helping with sieges right? Actually don't bother responding, your lies are too much for me.
>>70288642
You want to read more people complaining about the feminist master plan in this board then be my guest. If you want Dan and David to try to fix Darkstar, then be my guest.
I would only agree with the fact that we would get another Kingsguard with a face.
>>70288701
He makes a generally good effort but his accent breaks down at times and becomes obviously Scandinavian
>>70288734
Shit b8.
>>70288052
Go funyourself, senpai.
please dabid and dan. please bring back season 1/2 jaime. just make him funny again. i'll forgive your ruining his character if you start from scratch in the riverlands. he even has a reason to start over: being let go from LC of kingsguard.
>>70288662
She could have been the best slutty character yet too.
>>70288506
>Issac will never chew on your dick
why even live?
>>70288810
Nope. The tumblerinas will stop watching, if the incest stops. Jaime is frozen in time from now on when it comes to character development.D&D please prove me wrong
>>70288297
The most perfect reaction image
>>70288810
Gurm is practically a master comedian/mummer/killer clown bandit/spooky undead clown IMO.
Can someone post the fan art where Jaime is tossing Bran out the window while beating off? That painting fucking rules.
>>70288738
What's your problem?
>>70288810
Nikolaw Coastal Waldo is too fucking charismatic to be boring you tard, because he's a goat actor unlike Kit Harrington, the dumbass manlet with that dumb face who plays Muh Jon Snow.
Kys.
>>70288076
Why the fuck did he not know anything about hunting when he spent years at the Wall as a steward that was part of their job?
>no more roose ever
>Leaves Arya
>Gives her the coin
>Tells her he could train her so she can offer up her names to faceless god
>She goes to Braavos so she can kill her list of doomed men
>Tells her she needs to forget who she is
>Including her revenge killings
>mfw
>>70288915
What's a kiss?
>still no snek episodes
they're going to ruin the finale, right?
>>70288383
This image is really funny.
>>70288887
>getting raped by your uncle
Now this I can get into!
I want to escape this life and live with Michael Mcelhatton forever
>>70288887
Her pits are hairier than mine
>>70288929
What you should do.
Kys.
>>70288551
Who /Stannisisalive/ here?
>>70288930
Fag
The quality of writing hasn't decreased and the Sand Snakes rule.
>I weel not rape huhhhhh, I weel fuuk haaaaahh
>>70288887
MUH
U
H
Please tell me Margaery or Tommen is faking their blind faith, I've had enough of the Faith Militant story, they've done fuck all and only serve to piss off the Lannisters and myself.
I want to see Frankenclegane killing these annoying fucks.
>>70288971
6x07 the broken man, he returns, it's confirmed, 6 more days to go baby.
>>70288971
If he is somehow alive I want him to die again painfully in the show.
>>70289007
>Muh Shireene
Kys, he was misled by the red bitch and he did it for a just cause, kys.
>>70289001
Margaery is obviously faking it. I'm hoping Tommen is faking his naivete, but probably not
Guys, we're 6 episodes in, and the only nudity was a few seconds of Fake Sansa, and the only fucking was a brief look at some Dothraki.
What happened to this show?
>>70289001
Margaery is faking. Tommen is very gullible and probably controlled by the Sparrow now.
>>70288596
Spoilers said he won't be killed, but imprisoned by Jon
>>70288206
As a gay guy, I agree. my gaydar definitely goes off with her.
>>70289007
>Not burning your daughter to save the world
Why so selfish bro?
>>70287932
t. Muslim
>>70287883
D&D have to ruin everything.
>>70289038
Don't forget the close up underside shot of a flaccid cock and balls!
>>70289044
>12 year old stabs you
>Hang the boy!
>Man terrorizes the North for years with murders, rapes and torture
>No, if we kill him then we're just as bad as him!
...wat
>>70288928
The twist is going to be
>A girl was never expected to lose her name from the beginning.
>A man with no name actually killed or set in motion a chain of events that killed [insert family member]
>now a girl with a name must kill a man with no name
Seriously, the whole faceless plot is the dumbest fucking shit.
>>70288887
damn, dem hairy pirate sloot pits
way hairier than mine
>>70287932
kill yourself with pig blood, ahmed
>>70289044
What could possibly go wrong
>>70287932
The direwolves are tied to the kids' fates. They protect them in a mystical sense and they're the link that allows most of them to warg. Eliminating them for no reason is completely missing the point of their significance.
They might as well not exist in the first place.
Redemption book Jaime or butt fucked in the ass by Cersei with a strap-on every episode tv Jaime?
>>70288167
>based Randyll didn't show up to the Great Sept of Baelor and take Margery and her cousins into his custody
>he didn't swear a holy oath to the High Sparrow to safeguard the girls and ensure they remain in the city and show up for their trials
>he isn't sitting on the Small Council sorting shit out with based Kevan and Mace
>he's at home hunting and making fun of his fat son instead
do they really have to completely fuck up every good character from the books? really now?
>>70289033
>Killing your daughter to melt snow because some lunatic told you to
>>70289049
Did Stannis save the world?
>>70289038
desu, it's better
Last couple of seasons were getting flat out retarded with the nudity.
>>70289112
You never know until you try
>>70289103
You're really going to LOVE next episode where he goes to get Heartsbane personally and Sam and Gilly kill him.
>>70288887
based Asha doesn't swing that way
>>70289038
There is too much nudity in this show to begin with. It distracts.
>>70289099
book not show, in the show their just set decoration
>>70289072
>wat
The pleb brain dead audience created the Epic meme "Olly must die!!! I hate him so much grrrrr muh Jon Snu" so DnD did it for them, to please the retarded crowd of redditors, not because it was logical for the character or the story.
>>70289072
Being left alive to rotten and suffer is a much worse fate than death desu senpai
>>70289130
Thats why its called rape
>>70287873
Hunting Walkers.
>>70289134
you mean dick shots of irrelevant characters don't make the show better???
>>70288611
for you
>>70289130
Yara is raping that sex slave.
>>70288596
It'll be really disappointing if he goes out in some unspectacular way. I'm getting tired of the anticlimaxes in this show.
>>70289007
That makes him more endearing, fuck you. First of all it was highly mischaracterized, and even if he wasn't, he was shown to love his daughter. He wasn't a Mr. Tarley style character who openly hates his offpsring, he loved Shireen. That was a personal sacrifice. He's had to give up his brother, most of his men's lives, his money, risk losing all his land and titles, and he even goes so far as to make the biggest sacrifice he can - his daughter - all in the name of the good of westeros. It was selfless, not selfish, and even then he fought against it. Go fuck yourself, and how dare you make it seem like King Stannis Baratheon, First of His name.
>>70289112
She has fucking King's Blood?! The same fucking kind that Stannis used so Joffrey, Balon and Robb would die. Did it even clear the snow?
There is no Lady Stoneheart but there isStannis, whose headless corpse was found by the Brotherhood w/o Banners, Thoros tied his head back on and resurrected his body, he can no longer talk and wants to kill all women and non-believers out of the shame of being killed by one
>>70289142
He executed the four main instigators it made perfect sense would've been much weirder if he pardoned them
>>70288951
nuncle*
>>70289050
Why are you singing your post as a muslim?
old damphair best damphair
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5vuLRy29Q_A
agree or prove me wrong you fucking faggots
>>70289130
>phantom cock erection
>>70289191
>Did it even clear the snow?
Snow was still everywhere so no. It also got half his army to abandon him.
>>70289130
Raping a lesbian is so much better though
>>70289112
>Season 5
>Kinslaying is so evil even a bunch of cold hearted mercenaries ditch anyone who does it
>Season 6
>Everyone is totally cool with kinslaying
>>70289048
Still the best waifu in the show. Easily.
Do fagman's have waifus? Are there even waifus in hell?
>>70289191
It didn't clear the snow, either she was wrong, or the ritual magic has gone else where
>>70288490
Jaime's is perfectly fine
Euron is basically a viking so I don't care if it's bit Scandinavian, I'm more bothered by how the character is nothing like the books
I swear Tyrion's is getting worse
>>70289191
those three weren't killed by rhlor
>>70289112
Far as I know Jon got resurrected. That might as well be thanks to Stannis.
>>70289211
which is not or has ever been a real word, fucking GRRM tryin sound old timey
>>70289205
>the four main instigrators
They were six, thank you for reminding me of another plothole
> it made perfect sense would've been much weirder if he pardoned them
No it didn't, it would make perfect sense to pardon a traumatized child.
>>70289187
>all in the name of the good of westeros
In what fucking way did it bring any good to Westoros? In what way did Stannis' murder of others bring good? He just wants the Iron Throne and everyone is disposable to him to get it.
>>70288259
Howland Reed is the High Sparrow
https://youtu.be/XRGS-h8jUmI
>>70289293
Howland Reed is Benjen
>>70288596
>DnD have a strange fascination with the character
"H-Hey, man...like...like what if we, hehe, like what if we added Hannibal Lecter into our show.."
"Ohhhh shit man, that would be, haha, that would be soooooo dope!"
"Hehe, hold on, I'm like totally calling the writers right now. Holy shit bro."
>>70289205
>stabbed by 6 men with a dozen other looking on
>hangs 4 including a boy who was right to be pissed
It was fanservice
Based Stannis burning his daughter for the good of the realm. Only plebs don't understand this heroic act.
>>70288017
Jesus Christ what a Jew fuck.
>>70289226
I disagree, I like the duller more pious voice of the new Damphair.
>>70289176
He'll either be skinned, or killed by Sansa because cliches have taken over the show.
>>70289245
Vic is the viking. Euron is the pirate but D&D fuck that up of course by cutting Victarion and making Euron into a fat bearded Dane.
>>70289280
Night watchmen not kids he's an adult in world same a cabin boy in real life 1600s, u better believe they'd execute a 'kid' for mutiny same dif
>>70288649
I knew this kid was going to grow up to have an unfortunate face the moment I saw that bone structure.
>>70289228
Should have waited till this season. Kinslaying gains you armies now.
>>70289203
>he didn't even post the Lord Stoneheart b8 image
>>70289318
No that is D&D being a hack, it never happened in my mind.
>>70289318
>good of the realm
Well he did immediately get his shit pushed in, so I can't argue with that.
>>70289367
GRRM told D&D to have Stannis burn Shireen.
>>70289318
Why did he burn her for a minor increase in temperature? Why not a vagina ghost again, or a plague on the Boltons or some shit.
>>70289364
I was just shitposting but now I'm interested, was it an actual theory?
